Concepts from General Chemistry Relevant to Your Success in Organic Chemistry

• Classical and Quantum Mechanical models of the atom
• Concept of orbitals, their shapes and relative energy levels
• Four quantum numbers and their meaning Rules for filling orbitals
• Hund's Rule
• Pauli Exclusion Principle
• Octet Rule; Inert Gas Configuration
• Definition of valence electrons
• Lewis Dot Structures
• Resonance structures
• Ionic and covalent bonding
• Covalent bonding defined Covalent bond energies
• Sigma vs Pi bonds; geometries, bond strengths, rotability
• Hybridization of orbitals = more bonding possibilities = lower energy with stronger bonds and less repulsions
• Multiple bonds: symbolism, geometries, bond strength and length generalities
• Electronegativity trends; polar vs nonpolar covalent bonds; Percent Ionic Character
• Bond Dipoles and Molecular Dipole Moments
• Intermolecular forces: van der Waals (or London), dipole-dipole, hydrogen
• Formal charge rules
• Acid-Base definitions, pKa, conjugate acid/base equilibria

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